Manusia Daripada Sudut Pandang AL-Ghazali: Telaah Kitab Kimiya' Al-Saadah
Man From Al-Ghazali Point of View: The Study of Kimiya' Al-Saadah Book
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/attarbawiy.v4i2.50Keywords:
Kimiya' al-Sa'adah, Kaunseling Islam, ma'rifah al-nafsAbstract
An effective counselling process depends heavily on the knowledge and skills that a counsellor possesses. This covers the knowledge of the assumptions of a theory relating to the view of human nature which is covered in theory practiced. In this study the researcher utilised the qualitative methodology of content analysis using Mayring data analytics. Mayring Procedure consists of conclusion method (Summary), interpretation (Explication) and Structuring. Generally humans consist of two elements which are physical and spiritual. In Kimiya' al-Sa'adah, Al-Ghazali focuses more on spiritual than physical. This is in line with his concept of knowledge, which are physical and spiritual knowledge. The knowledge of physical is related to human interaction, including worship and other limb activities. Meanwhile spiritual knowledge is related to the muamalah (dealing with) heart. Spiritual elements are also the main momentum or drivers of bodily activity. There are several terms used by al-Ghazali to explain the viewpoint towards view of human nature in the book Kimiya’ al-Saadah, among them are physical, nafs, qalb, ‘aql and ruh.
Abstrak
Proses kaunseling yang berkesan sangat bergantung kepada pengetahuan dan kemahiran-kemahiran yang dimiliki oleh seseorang kaunselor. Ini meliputi pengetahuan tentang andaian sesebuah teori berkaitan sudut pandang terhadap manusia (view of human nature) yang terangkum dalam teori yang diamalkan. Dalam kajian ini pengkaji menggunakan metod kualitatif analisis kandungan (Qualitative Content Analysis) dengan menggunakan analisis data Mayring. Prosedur Mayring terdiri daripada kaedah kesimpulan (Summary), tafsiran (Explication) dan penstrukturan (Structuring). Secara umumnya manusia terdiri daripada dua unsur iaitu fizikal (jasad) dan spiritual (roh). Dalam Kimiya’ al-Sa’adah, Al-Ghazali lebih memberikan tumpuan terhadap spiritual (roh) berbanding fizikal. Ini selari dengan konsep beliau berkaitan ilmu, iaitu ilmu zahir dan ilmu batin. Ilmu zahir adalah berkaitan dengan interaksi manusia, merangkumi ibadah dan aktiviti anggota badan yang lain. Manakala ilmu batin berkaitan dengan muamalah hati. Elemen spiritual juga adalah momentum atau pendorong utama terhadap aktiviti anggota badan. Ada beberapa istilah yang digunakan oleh al-Ghazali bagi menjelaskan tentang sudut pandang terhadap manusia (view of human nature) dalam kitab Kimiya’ al-Saadah, antaranya jasad, nafs, qalb, ‘aql dan ruh.
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