Kepimpinan karismatik berasaskan model conger-kanungo: kesahan kandungan serta perspektif reflektif dalam konteks pendidikan Malaysia
Charismatic leadership based on the conger–kanungo model: content validity and reflective perspectives in the Malaysian educational context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/attarbawiy.v10i1.346Keywords:
kepimpinan karismatik, kesahan kandungan, Content Validity Ratio (CVR), refleksi tindakan, prospek penggunaan instrumenAbstract
Abstrak
Kepimpinan karismatik semakin menonjol sebagai salah satu pendekatan kepimpinan dalam konteks pendidikan masa kini. Istilah karismatik merujuk kepada aura yang dimiliki seseorang pemimpin yang mampu menarik, mempengaruhi, dan memberi inspirasi melalui kualiti peribadi mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian mengenai kepimpinan karismatik masih kurang diterokai dalam konteks pendidikan di Malaysia. Kepimpinan yang berkesan bukan sahaja bergantung pada kecekapan intelektual, tetapi turut bergantung pada keupayaan mempengaruhi individu di sekeliling. Justeru, kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk menguji kesahan kandungan instrumen kepimpinan karismatik yang diadaptasi daripada Model Conger-Kanungo dalam konteks pendidikan di Malaysia. Selain pengesahan instrumen, kajian ini turut mengemukakan refleksi untuk tindakan (reflection for-action) berasaskan dapatan pakar untuk menambah baik penilaian instrumen dalam konteks tempatan. Kajian ini juga mencadangkan prospek penggunaan instrumen bagi memperkukuh kesedaran, pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan (KPSA) pemimpin pendidikan. Seramai 12 orang pakar telah dipilih melalui persampelan bertujuan bagi menilai kandungan soal selidik menggunakan kaedah Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Instrumen ini merangkumi lima konstruk dengan keseluruhan 34 item. Hasil analisis menunjukkan instrumen mempunyai tahap kesahan kandungan yang baik dengan Content Validity Index (CVI) bernilai 0.922. Semua 34 item dikekalkan sebagai instrumen akhir selepas dua item yang tidak memenuhi nilai minimum CVR diperbaiki. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menyumbang kepada pembangunan instrumen kepimpinan karismatik yang sah dari aspek kandungan, dengan implikasi praktikal terhadap amalan kepimpinan pendidikan di Malaysia.
Abstract
Charismatic leadership has emerged as a prominent approach within the contemporary educational context. The term charismatic refers to the aura possessed by a leader who can attract, influence, and inspire others through personal qualities. Nevertheless, research on charismatic leadership remains underexplored in Malaysian education. Effective leadership relies not only on intellectual competence but also on the ability to influence individuals within the organization. Accordingly, this study was conducted to validate a charismatic leadership instrument adapted from the Conger-Kanungo Model and modified to suit the Malaysian educational context. In addition to validation, the study also offers a reflection for action, based on expert feedback, to improve the assessment of the instrument locally. Furthermore, it highlights the potential use of the instrument in strengthening the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (AKAP) of educational leaders. A total of 12 experts were purposefully selected to evaluate the questionnaire items using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). The instrument consists of five constructs encompassing 34 items. The analysis indicates strong content validity with a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.922. All 34 items were retained in the final instrument, with two items revised to meet the minimum CVR threshold. Overall, this study contributes to the development of a valid and reliable instrument of charismatic leadership, offering practical implications for leadership practices in Malaysian education)
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